Been chewing two previous posts by BVB and BTB since this morning. The ideas of Hans-Georg Gadamer came to mind. This article is a good summary but not sure if it will be good in the future.
http://tinyurl.com/obj3xk4
Unfortunately I missed this elective in seminary and would love to engage his work on a deeper level. I also want to say that the blog seems to be a fair summary of what I remember from conversations with peers from sem who took the class. I appreciate that Gadamer attempted to systematically name the reality in which we exist - in short, we are shaped by our experiences and history and to understand self we need to work to understand experiences and history to which we assign meaning.
Here is the article copied and pasted from the blog which is going down.
QuoteHans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) was a continental philosopher, known for philosophical hermeneutics from Truth and Method, his magnum opus. Gadamers philosophy was phenomenological generally and descriptive particularly. In the following, a description of Gadamers philosophical hermeneutics will be developed in investigating understanding and interpretation as such.
The Fusion of Horizons
Gadamers version of the hermeneutical circle, deals with prejudice (not in the negative sense), tradition, and understanding in the process of interpretation. For Gadamer, a historicist approach, to the theory of interpretation is critical, since ones situation in life is a given in ones perspective. He states,
We define the concept of situation by saying that it represents a standpoint that limits the possibility of vision. Hence essential to the concept of situation is the concept of horizon. The horizon is the range of vision that includes everything that can be seen from a particular vantage point. Applying this to the thinking mind, we speak of the narrowness of horizon, of the possible expansion of horizon, of the opening up of horizons, and so forth.[1]
Now situation signifies the historical-cultural context of the thinking subject. Then horizon broadens that significance to mean the total background, e.g. presuppositions, rules, beliefs, implicit and explicit. The vantage point seems akin to the context of the subject, while the range of vision may indicate its conceptual-linguistic framework. In short, the horizon of the thinking mind may be something like a worldview. Thus Gadamer claims the horizon may condense and expand, close and open.
Moreover, Gadamer asserts that situation or horizon is the necessary background or framework of the interpreter in the process of interpretation, making the production of understanding a possibility. He says,
In fact the horizon of the present is continually in the process of being formed because we are continually having to test all our prejudices. An important part of this testing occurs in encountering the past and in understanding the tradition form which we come. Hence the horizon of the present cannot be formed without the past. There is no more an isolated horizon of the present in itself than there are historical horizons which have to be acquired. Rather, understanding is always the fusion of these horizons supposedly existing by themselves.[2]
It is because our horizon of the present is continually merging with the horizon of the past (tradition) in the horizon of the text that we are having to test our prejudices. Gadamer claims that the horizon of the present is dependent on the past, i.e. text, tradition, history, implying prejudices or presuppositions per se. The historical horizons are inevitable to the development of the horizon of the present. Therefore, understanding arises from the fusions of these horizons. The notion that understanding may arise from the horizon of the past without the horizon of the future is fallacious.[3] Therefore, the emphasis is on the fusion of horizons.
Hermeneutics as Event
The fusion of horizons presupposes the discourse between past and present. Truth, understanding, and meaning are the conclusion of the fusion of horizons. Gadamer thinks the phenomena of fusion, i.e. the merging of the horizon of the past with the horizon of the present, is not a method, but an event. He claims,
We showed that understanding is not a method which the inquiring consciousness applies to an object it chooses and so turns it into objective knowledge; rather, being situated within an event of tradition, a process of handing down, is a prior condition of understanding. Understanding proves to be an event.[4]
I take, Gadamer to mean that understanding and truth arise in discourse between the interpreter and their historical situation, i.e. tradition. Understanding and truth as event arise from the fusion of horizons, i.e. past and present. Gadamer summarizes, In our analysis of the hermeneutical process we saw that to acquire a horizon of interpretation requires a fusion of horizons.[5] Therefore, the interpreter and their historical situation fuse, producing the horizon of interpretation. The task of metahermeneutics, as noted before, is to investigate interpretation as such, i.e. the process of the interpreter, interpretation, and the interpreted.
Further, Gadamer takes meaning to arise from the event of the fusion of horizons. He says, Quite the contrary, being an event is a characteristic belonging to the meaning itself.[6] In other words, meaning itself arises from the discourse of event. Gadamer asserts that the process of concept formation, i.e. the production of understanding and meaning is language as event. Hence, The unity of the word that explicates itself in the multiplicity of words manifests something that is not covered by the structure of logic.[7]
Language as event, Gadamer proposes constitutes the form of interpretation, while the content of appropriation is contained in the horizon of the past and present. Gadamer states, A more important point is the one to which we have constantly referred, namely that what constitutes the hermeneutical event proper is not language as language, whether as grammar or as lexicon; it consists in the coming into language of what has been said in the tradition: an event that is at once appropriation and interpretation. In other words, the event proper is language in practice, i.e. the fusion of horizons. Therefore, here it really is true to say that this event is not our action upon the thing, but the act of the thing itself.[8] I take, Gadamer to conclude that understanding and meaning arise not in the event of the interpreter mastering the text, but in the text mastering the interpreter. Discourse as event proper is the act of the thing itself on our action.